Immunization in adults proved capable of preventing attacks of various diseases.
Immunization is one form of disease prevention is effective, easy, and inexpensive. With immunization, one would have immunity against certain diseases. Examples of smallpox, which formerly was a very dreaded disease, is now successfully eradicated thanks to mass immunization.
Immunization departure from the past events. Originally from the mortality (death rate) and morbidity (illness) of a disease. One example is the influenza illness. "Apparently, the death rate from influenza morbidity reached 20 thousand and 200 thousand per year. It's very disturbing productivity of adults. Well, one of the efforts to prevent it is by immunization. With the immunization, influenza mortality and morbidity is reduced, "said Dr.. Okki Ramadian, Sp.PD of Adult Immunization Task Force, the Association of Specialist Doctors (PAPDI).
Immunization is one form of disease prevention is effective, easy, and inexpensive. With immunization, one would have immunity against certain diseases. Examples of smallpox, which formerly was a very dreaded disease, is now successfully eradicated thanks to mass immunization.
Immunization departure from the past events. Originally from the mortality (death rate) and morbidity (illness) of a disease. One example is the influenza illness. "Apparently, the death rate from influenza morbidity reached 20 thousand and 200 thousand per year. It's very disturbing productivity of adults. Well, one of the efforts to prevent it is by immunization. With the immunization, influenza mortality and morbidity is reduced, "said Dr.. Okki Ramadian, Sp.PD of Adult Immunization Task Force, the Association of Specialist Doctors (PAPDI).
Immunization is the induction to stimulate the body's immune system to form the body's defenses against this type of virus or bacteria that will enter the body.
"By forming the immune system before the virus or bacteria actually entered, the body's immune system will be able to form quickly, so it will reduce, suspend, or discontinue the occurrence of morbidity," said Okki.
HALO factor
Immunization in adults is not as popular as immunization in children. In fact, immunization of adults is not less important and proved highly effective in preventing disease. In fact, according to the American Society of Internal Medicine, immunization in adults may prevent the death of 10-fold compared to the children.
There are many vaccinations for adults, such as MMR, Tetanus and Diphteri, Influenza, pneumokok, Hepatitis A and Hepatitis B, and so on. "Immunization in adults is highly optional, but a time can be will be a mandatory vaccine for adults. For example, influenza. Imagine if an employee is exposed to influenza and do not work for a week. It would be very disturbing work productivity, "said Okki.
To assess whether a person requires a certain type of vaccination, have seen his HALO factor. HALO stands for Health (health), Age (age), Lifestyle (lifestyle), and Occupacy (jobs). Health factors to consider for example, whether the client suffered from chronic diseases (heart disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.), are pregnant, have a history of STD (sexual transmission disease / sexual transmitted diseases), suffer from decreased immune including HIV, and so on.
Age among other factors, including age of consent if the client is not productive or unproductive. "The need for vaccination of people of productive age is different with advancing age. At the age of non-productive, vaccination has to be more encouraged because it is easy to get sick, "continued Okki.
Lifestyle factors such as whether someone likes it or not free sex, like traveling or not, and so on. This will determine the type of immunization is required. For example the client who likes sex, then the exposure most often are Hepatitis B and STD, then he needs to HPV and Hepatitis B vaccination, for example. This type of work also determines the type of vaccinations required. "For example, a physician of the risk factors different from an employee in an office, so this type of vaccine required is also different," explains Okki.
Well, HELLO fourth factor is what will help the client or health worker in deciding the types of vaccinations will be given. HALO addition, there are other variables that also needs to be seen, such as a history of vaccination, screening of contraindications, and so on.
Prevent Side Effects
As with immunization in children, side effects of immunization in adults is also always there, can not be 100 percent safe. This is called Kipi (Genesis Follow-up Post-Immunization) or AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunization). However, the firm Okki, "Kipi very rare, because the immunization is actually very safe, as long as all procedures are executed properly."
Side effects that arise post-immunization can be local and systemic. Local eg red-red appears on the skin, or itching at the injection scar. While systemic side effects occur throughout the body, such as fever, or itching around the body. "If the local side effects, seen again whether penyuntikannya correct, precise needle needle, and so forth."
In addition to place, side effects can also be seen from the duration, whether the emergence of acute (rapid) or chronic (long term). For example, once immunized direct reaction, or just a few days later came the itching?
Which must be seen first is the patient's condition, fit or not at the time of vaccination. If at that moment he had fever, vaccine will certainly make it more fever. "Then, whether the client allergic to eggs? What about health care workers, right or not injecting? Sterile tools, baseball? Wear gloves baseball? and so on, "explains Okki.
To prevent side effects, there was made standard procedure by making a check list. Every person who should be immunized should be a check list, such as whether she was allergic to eggs? "Because the base of the formation is a protein that is similar imunoglobin eggs. If allergic to eggs, the client will not be immunized, except for really important. Check the other lists such as equipment preparation, use of gloves, and so on. If this is done, then the incidence of Kipi surely would have been avoided, "explains Okki.
Pregnant Women Beware
Immunizations in pregnant women who are not actually the same as the immunization of males. Important one is the immunization Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) to cervical cancer. "Now it is found that immunization with HPV types not only for cervical cancer, but also for other diseases, such as venereal disease in men," explains Okki.
In contrast to non-pregnant women, vaccination is not recommended in pregnant women. At the time of pregnancy, a change in the entire female body, including the immune system, which causes pregnant women prone to infection. "Immunizations in pregnant women are vulnerable, because it deals with the fetus in the womb. Several types of vaccines are also contraindicated, such as varicella and MMR. Influenza vaccine in pregnant women should also be careful, except on the condition that is very crucial, "explains Okki.
So, anjur Okki, "When you are pregnant, vaccine should be careful and if possible be avoided. It's good, she had received a vaccine before pregnancy. "Several types of vaccines are known among other prepregnancy MMR, tetanus toxoid (TT), Hepatitis B, and HPV.
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Agus Kurniawan - Thursday, October 6, 2011